A potassium-sensing niche in Arabidopsis roots orchestrates signaling and adaptation responses to maintain nutrient homeostasis

Summary Organismal homeostasis of the essential ion K+ requires sensing its availability, efficient uptake, and defined distribution. Understanding plant nutrition is to advance sustainable agriculture, but mechanisms underlying orchestration downstream responses have remained largely elusive. Here, we report where plants sense deprivation how this translates into spatially ROS signals govern specific responses. We define organ-scale pattern roots identify a postmeristematic K+-sensing niche (KSN) rapid decline Ca2+ coincide. Moreover, outline bifurcating low-K+-signaling axis CIF peptide-activated SGN3-LKS4/SGN1 receptor complexes that convey low-K+-triggered phosphorylation NADPH oxidases RBOHC, RBOHD, RBOHF. The resulting simultaneously HAK5 uptake-transporter induction accelerated Casparian strip maturation. Collectively, these synchronize developmental differentiation transcriptome reprogramming for maintaining optimizing nutrient foraging by roots.